Fiber Optic
The speed of the Fiber Optic is very high and it support up to gigabits. The bandwidth carrying capacity is very large. It can transmit the signals without any strengthened or refreshed. It contains heavy resistance in electromagnetic noise like motors or radios or other cables, which are near by to it. The maintenance cost of fiber optic is very less.
In communication signal transmission, the copper wires are replaced by fiber optics. This fiber optics can support the long distances and provide more supports for many kinds of network systems such as television services or office buildings, or university campuses, or electric utility companies or industrial plants. The system of the fiber optic is same as copper wire system. Fiber optics use the light pulses instead of electronic pulses to transmit the data.
Three kinds of optic cables are available. They are
• Single mode fiber optic
• Multimode fiber optic
These fiber optic cables are worked as light guide.
Single mode fiber optic cable: This is a single stand of glass fiber optic cable (but most applications use two fiber optics). The diameter of this single mode cable is 8.3 to 10 microns, which contains one mode of data transmission. This single mode fiber optic contains a narrow diameter. This single mode fiber will carry higher bandwidth than other fiber.
Multi-mode cable contains bigger diameter than single mode fiber optic. The diameter of this multi-mode cable is 50-100 micron. In USA, the common size for multi-mode cable is 62.5 micron. This multi-mode fiber optic is used in most of the applications. The multi-mode cable supports high bandwidth of 10-100 Mbps and high speed of 275m to 2km. Fiber optics are used in LAN (Local Area Networks) to connect the group of computers.
Fiber Optics Advantages:
• Less Expensive: The cost of the fiber optic is very less than the copper wire. That is why the service providers such as television cable or Internet are using the fiber optics than copper wire.
• Thinner: The diameter of the fiber optic is very small than the copper wire of twisted pair cable.
• Higher data carrying capacity: The optical fibers are very thin than the copper wire and twisted pair. You can bundle more fibers to get the diameter of the copper wire diameter. This allows more data transmission in Internet broadband connection or more channels will come in TV.
• Less signal degradation: You will find very few loss of signal in Fiber optics cables, where as in copper wire you will find the more.
• Light signals: The fiber optics use the light signals to transmit the data from place to other place. These light signals do not interfere with other fiber optics in same cable. Whereas if we are using the copper wire for our network then they will interfere with each other, this will cause the data loss.
• Low Power: In order to operate this fiber optics, low power is enough where as if you want to operate the copper wire then you need high voltage power.
• Digital signal: These Digital Signals are generally used in Computer networks and fiber optics is well suited for digital signals, so you can use this fiber optics for computer networks.
• Non-flammable: You will not find any fire hazard, because in fiber optics no electricity will pass.
• Lightweight: The weight of the optical fiber is less than the copper wire cable. If you are going to bury the fiber optic in ground, then it will take less space than copper wire.
• Flexible: This fiber optic is very flexible and transmits the light.
Most notable industries are computer networks, telecommunications and many more. If you call from USA to Canada or from Canada to USA then you will hear some noise, because of satellite connection. If you use fiber optics then you will not hear any echoes.
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